Publications & Studies
Testosterone Deficiency with Age: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
Testosterone Deficiency with Age: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
PubMed · 2025: Testosterone deficiency is often associated with underlying conditions such as obesity or type 2 diabetes – rather than aging itself. When appropriately prescribed and monitored, treatment may improve energy levels, sexual function, and bone health without increasing cardiovascular risk.
PubMed (EN)
Vitamin D and Testosterone: Both Relevant to Sexual Health
PubMed · 2025: Men experiencing symptoms associated with testosterone deficiency often also have low vitamin D levels. Both parameters are closely associated with erectile function and quality of life and should be assessed together.
PubMed (EN)
Obesity, Testosterone Deficiency & New Treatment Approaches
PubMed · 2025: Obesity can lead to functional testosterone deficiency in many men. A combination of weight reduction – including the use of GLP-1 medications – and targeted hormone therapy may improve health and physical performance across multiple areas.
PubMed (EN)
Testosterone and Age-Related Symptoms: Individual Assessment Rather Than a Fixed Threshold
PubMed · 2006: There is no single testosterone threshold at which symptoms necessarily occur. Symptoms tend to increase gradually as hormone levels decline and should therefore be assessed individually rather than based solely on a laboratory value.
PubMed (EN)
Androgen Receptor & Sexual Function in Midlife Women
PubMed · 2019: In midlife women, sexual function appears to depend less on measurable testosterone levels than on genetically determined androgen sensitivity. Laboratory values alone are therefore insufficient – individualized assessment and treatment are essential.
PubMed (EN)
CONTRIBUTIONS TO CLINICAL GUIDELINES
Guideline: Klinefelter Syndrome in Older Age
PubMed · 2025: The first comprehensive recommendations for the care of older men with Klinefelter syndrome – extending beyond sexuality and fertility to focus on metabolic health, bone health, mental well-being, and quality of life.
PubMed (EN)
Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone Therapy – TRAVERSE Study
PubMed · 2025: Large recent studies indicate that appropriately prescribed testosterone therapy does not increase cardiovascular risk. In carefully selected patients, potential benefits for quality of life, sexual function, and erythropoiesis must be weighed against possible risks.
PubMed (EN)
EAA Guideline: Klinefelter Syndrome
European Academy of Andrology · PubMed · 2020: European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Klinefelter syndrome – from childhood through adulthood, emphasizing early recognition and comprehensive care extending beyond fertility.
PubMed (EN)
Testosterone, Mood & Quality of Life
PubMed · 2020: Low testosterone levels are often associated with fatigue, depressed mood, and reduced drive. Targeted treatment in men with testosterone deficiency may improve psychological well-being and quality of life.
PubMed (EN)
EAA Guideline: Functional Hypogonadism
European Academy of Andrology · PubMed · 2020: The diagnosis and treatment of functional testosterone deficiency require characteristic symptoms together with repeatedly low laboratory values. Lifestyle interventions such as weight reduction are considered first-line measures before hormone therapy is considered.
PubMed (EN)
S1 Guideline: Gynecomastia in Adults
AWMF · DGP · 2018: Official guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gynecomastia – from hormonal evaluation to distinguishing underlying causes that may require treatment. Whether treatment is indicated depends on the underlying cause, duration, and individual level of distress.